Average Dried Weight
This is a measure of a wood’s weight in relation to a preset volume. Usually it’s pounds per cubic foot (lbs/ft3), or in metric units: kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m3). However, a wood’s weight will also greatly depend on its moisture content (MC).
Janka Hardness
The actual number listed in the wood profile is the amount of pounds-force (lbf ) or newtons (N) required to imbed a .444” (11.28 mm) diameter steel ball into the wood to half the ball’s diameter. This number is given for wood that has been dried to a 12% moisture content.
Elastic Modulus
It’s a measurement of the ratio of stress placed upon the wood compared to the strain (deformation) that the wood exhibits along its length. MOE is expressed in pounds-force per square inch (lbf /in2) or gigapaschals (GPa). This number is given for wood that has been dried to a 12% moisture content.
Specific Gravity
Specific gravity is a measure of the ratio of a wood’s density as compared to water. (If a wood is of the same density as water, the specific gravity would be 1.00.) However, as with any density measurement for wood, it is greatly dependent upon the wood’s moisture content: the more moisture the wood contains, the denser it will be. At least with average dried weight, the moisture content is generally assumed to be at 12% moisture content.
Modulus of Rupture
Modulus of Rupture, frequently abbreviated as MOR, is a measure of a specimen’s strength before rupture. It can be used to determine a wood species’ overall strength; unlike the modulus of elasticity, which measures the wood’s deflection, but not its ultimate strength. MOR is expressed in pounds-force per square inch (lbf /in2) or megapaschals (MPa). This number is given for wood that has been dried to a 12% moisture content.
Crushing Strength
Crushing Strength parallel to the grain, this is a measurement of the wood’s maximum crushing strength when weight is applied to the ends of the wood (compression is parallel to the grain). The number itself isn’t all that meaningful, but it becomes useful to use in comparison with other woods.
Grain
A tree species can grow in a number of grain directions. Grain direction usually can’t be detected from endgrain examination; it has an effect on the performance of the wood (straight grain structure is required).
| Number | Wood type | Average Dried Weight | Janka Hardness | Elastic Modulus | Specific Gravity | Modulus of Rupture | Crushing Strength | Grain / Texture |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Afromosia | 725 kg/m3 | 6,980 N | 11.83 GPa | 0.57, 0.72 | 102.9 MPa | 66.0 MPa | Straight |
| 2 | Afzelia | 805 kg/m3 | 8,050 N | 14.44 GPa | 0.67, 0.80 | 122.3 MPa | 74.1 MPa | Straight |
| 3 | Anigre | 550 kg/m3 | 4,380 N | 10.95 GPa | 0.44, 0.55 | 83.0 MPa | 47.7 MPa | Straight |
| 4 | Bamboo | 500-850 kg/m3 | 6,270-7,170 N | 18.00-20.00GPa | 0.38-0.64, 0.50-0.85 | 76.0-168.6 MPa | 62.0-93.0 MPa | Straight |
| 5 | Bosse | 600 kg/m3 | 4,190 N | 10.91 GPa | 0.48, 0.60 | 103.2 MPa | 54.5 MPa | Straight / Wavy |
| 6 | Bubinga | 890 kg/m3 | 10,720 N | 18.41 GPa | 0.72, 0.89 | 168.3 MPa | 75.8 MPa | Straight |
| 7 | Ebony Macassar | 1,120 kg/m3 | 14,140 N | 17.35 GPa | 0.89, 1.12 | 157.2 MPa | 80.2 MPa | Straight |
| 8 | Etimoe | 755 kg/m3 | 7,380 N | 13.75 GPa | 0.58, 0.76 | 142.4 MPa | 69.1 MPa | Straight |
| 9 | Freijo | 565 kg/m3 | 3,970 N | 12.93 GPa | 0.48, 0.57 | 86.7 MPa | 46.0 MPa | Straight |
| 10 | Imbuia | 660 kg/m3 | 4,300 N | 9.61 GPa | 0.53, 0.66 | 84.8 MPa | 46.8 MPa | Straight / Burl |
| 11 | Ipe | 1,100 kg/m3 | 15,620 N | 22.07 GPa | 0.91, 1.10 | 177.0 MPa | 93.8 MPa | Straight |
| 12 | Iroko | 660 kg/m3 | 5,610 N | 9.38 GPa | 0.45, 0.66 | 87.6 MPa | 54.0 MPa | Straight |
| 13 | Jatoba | 910 kg/m3 | 11,950 N | 18.93 GPa | 0.77, 0.91 | 155.2 MPa | 81.2 MPa | Straight |
| 14 | Kiaat | 605 kg/m3 | 6,050 N | 8.73 GPa | 0.59, 0.60 | 98.2 MPa | 55.3 MPa | Straight |
| 15 | Korina | 555 kg/m3 | 2,990 N | 10.49 GPa | 0.43, 0.56 | 86.2 MPa | 45.4 MPa | Straight |
| 16 | Koto | 595 kg/m3 | 4,200 N | 12.08 GPa | 0.51, 0.59 | 105.4 MPa | 52.4 MPa | Straight |
| 17 | Limba | 555 kg/m3 | 2,990 N | 10.49 GPa | 0.43, 0.56 | 86.2 MPa | 45.4 MPa | Straight |
| 18 | Mahogany African | 640 kg/m3 | 4,760 N | 10.60 GPa | 0.52, 0.64 | 91.0 MPa | 49.0 MPa | Straight |
| 19 | Makore | 685 kg/m3 | 5,350 N | 10.71 GPa | 0.55, 0.69 | 112.6 MPa | 57.2 MPa | Straight |
| 20 | Merbau | 815 kg/m3 | 7,620 N | 15.93 GPa | 0.68, 0.82 | 145.2 MPa | 73.4 MPa | Straight |
| 21 | Okoume | 430 kg/m3 | 1,790 N | 8.47 GPa | 0.35, 0.43 | 75.0 MPa | 36.2 MPa | Straight |
| 22 | Padauk African | 745 kg/m3 | 8,760 N | 11.72 GPa | 0.61, 0.75 | 116.0 MPa | 56.0 MPa | Straight |
| 23 | Sapele | 670 kg/m3 | 6,280 N | 12.04 GPa | 0.50, 0.67 | 109.9 MPa | 60.4 MPa | Straight |
| 24 | Sipo | 635 kg/m3 | 5,260 N | 11.65 GPa | 0.53, 0.63 | 103.8 MPa | 57.1 MPa | Straight |
| 25 | Snakewood | 1,210 kg/m3 | 16,900 N | 23.20 GPa | 0.96, 1.21 | 195.0 MPa | 119.0 MPa | Straight |
| 26 | Spruce Engelmann | 385 kg/m3 | 1,740 N | 9.44 GPa | 0.33, 0.39 | 62.2 MPa | 31.5 MPa | Straight |
| 27 | Spruce White | 425 kg/m3 | 2,140 N | 9.07 GPa | 0.33, 0.43 | 59.6 MPa | 32.6 MPa | Straight |
| 28 | Sycamore American | 545 kg/m3 | 3,430 N | 9.79 GPa | 0.46, 0.55 | 69.0 MPa | 37.1 MPa | Interlocked |
| 29 | Sycamore Maple | 615 kg/m3 | 4,680 N | 9.92 GPa | 0.48, 0.62 | 98.1 MPa | 55.0 MPa | Straight |
| 30 | Teak | 655 kg/m3 | 4,740 N | 12.28 GPa | 0.55, 0.66 | 97.1 MPa | 54.8 MPa | Straight |
| 31 | Tigerwood | 905 kg/m3 | 9,640 N | 16.56 GPa | 0.80, 0.91 | 117.0 MPa | 74.2 MPa | Straight / Wavy |
| 32 | Tineo | 710 kg/m3 | 4,570 N | 10.81 GPa | 0.55, 0.71 | 90.0 MPa | 44.1 MPa | Straight / Wavy |
| 33 | Walnut English | 640 kg/m3 | 5,410 N | 10.81 GPa | 0.52, 0.64 | 111.5 MPa | 50.2 MPa | Straight |
| 34 | Wenge | 870 kg/m3 | 8,600 N | 17.59 GPa | 0.72, 0.87 | 151.7 MPa | 80.7 MPa | Straight |
| 35 | Zebrano | 805 kg/m3 | 8,160 N | 16.37 GPa | 0.67, 0.81 | 122.8 MPa | 63.5 MPa | Straight |
| 36 | Ziricote | 805 kg/m3 | 8,780 N | 10.93 GPa | 0.67, 0.81 | 113.1 MPa | 63.9 MPa | Straight |
| 37 | Spalted Tamarind | 850 kg/m3 | 11,970 N | 13.22 GPa | 0.68, 0.85 | 111.0 MPa | 59.6 MPa | Interlocked |
| 38 | Carpathian Elm Burl | 870 kg/m3 | 8,600 N | 17.59 GPa | 0.72, 0.87 | 151.7 MPa | 80.7 MPa | Burl |
| 39 | Karelian Birch Burl | 640 kg/m3 | 5,360 N | 13.96 GPa | 0.50, 0.64 | 114.3 MPa | 56.3 MPa | Wavy |
| 40 | Tamo Ash | 560 kg/m3 | 4,490 N | 8.24 GPa | 0.50, 0.56 | 74.6 MPa | 41.2 MPa | Wild |
 | Afromosia Average Dried Weight: 45 lbs/ft3 (725 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1570 lbf (6,980 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,715,000 lbf /in2 (11.83 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.57, 0.72 Modulus of Rupture: 14,920 lbf /in2 (102.9 MPa) Crushing Strength: 9,570 lbf /in2 (66.0 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is usually straight, though it can also be interlocked. With a fine uniform texture and good natural luster. | ||
 | Afzelia Average Dried Weight: 50 lbs/ft3 (805 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1.810 lbf (8,050 N) Elastic Modulus: 2,094,000 lbf /in2 (14.44 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.67, 0.80 Modulus of Rupture: 17,740 lbf /in2 (122.3 MPa) Crushing Strength: 10,750 lbf /in2 (74.1 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is interlocked with a uniform medium to coarse texture; naturally lustrous. | ||
 | Anigre Average Dried Weight: 34 lbs/ft3 (550 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 990 lbf (4,380 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,588,000 lbf /in2 (10.95 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.44, 0.55 Modulus of Rupture: 12,040 lbf /in2 (83.0 MPa) Crushing Strength: 6,920 lbf /in2 (47.7 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is straight to interlocked, with a medium uniform texture and a good natural luster. | ||
 | Bamboo Average Dried Weight: 31-53 lbs/ft3 (500-850 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1410-1610 lbf (6,270-7,170 N) Elastic Modulus: 2,610,000-2,900,00 lbf /in2 (18.00-20.00 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.38-0.64, 0.50-0.85 Modulus of Rupture: 11,020-24,450 lbf /in2 (76.0-168.6 MPa) Crushing Strength: 8,990-13,490 lbf /in2 (62.0-93.0 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Being a monocot in the grass family, bamboo does not have any sapwood/heartwood or growth rings. Texture is very uniform, and ranges from medium to fine depending on density. | ||
 | Bosse Average Dried Weight: 37 lbs/ft3 (600 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 940 lbf (4,190 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,582,000 lbf /in2 (10.91GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.48, 0.60 Modulus of Rupture: 14,960 lbf /in2 (103.2 MPa) Crushing Strength: 7,910 lbf /in2 (54.5 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain can be straight, interlocked, wavy, or anything in between. Veneer sheets also exhibit a wide range of grain patterns. Texture is medium to fine, with a good natural luster. | ||
 | Bubinga Average Dried Weight: 56 lbs/ft3 (890 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 2,410 lbf (10,720 N) Elastic Modulus: 2,670,000 lbf /in2 (18.41 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.72, 0.89 Modulus of Rupture: 24,410 lbf /in2 (168.3 MPa) Crushing Strength: 10,990 lbf /in2 (75.8 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is straight to interlocked. Has a uniform fine to medium texture and moderate natural luster. | ||
 | Ebony Macassar Average Dried Weight: 70 lbs/ft3 (1,120 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 3,220 lbf (14,140 N) Elastic Modulus: 2,515,000 lbf /in2 (17.35 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.89, 1.12 Modulus of Rupture: 22,790 lbf /in2 (157.2 MPa) Crushing Strength: 11,630 lbf /in2 (80.2 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is usually straight, but can sometimes be interlocked; fine uniform texture and good natural luster. | ||
 | Etimoe Average Dried Weight: 47 lbs/ft3 (755 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1,660 lbf (7,380 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,994,000 lbf /in2 (13.75 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.58, 0.76 Modulus of Rupture: 20,650 lbf /in2 (142.4 MPa) Crushing Strength: 10,030 lbf /in2 (69.1 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is generally straight or slightly interlocked. Fine to medium texture with good natural luster. | ||
 | Freijo Average Dried Weight: 35 lbs/ft3 (565 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 890 lbf (3,970 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,874,000 lbf /in2 (12.93 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.48, 0.57 Modulus of Rupture: 12,570 lbf /in2 (86.7 MPa) Crushing Strength: 6,670 lbf /in2 (46.0 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is straight to shallowly interlocked. Texture can vary from fine to coarse. Good natural luster. | ||
 | Imbuia Average Dried Weight: 41 lbs/ft3 (660 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 970 lbf (4,300 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,394,000 lbf /in2 (9.61 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.53, 0.66 Modulus of Rupture: 12,290 lbf /in2 (84.8 MPa) Crushing Strength: 6,780 lbf /in2 (46.8 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is straight, though many boards can exhibit wild or burl-like patterning. Medium to fine uniform texture with good natural luster. | ||
 | Ipe Average Dried Weight: 69 lbs/ft3 (1,100 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 3,510 lbf (15,620 N) Elastic Modulus: 3,200,000 lbf /in2 (22.07 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.91, 1.10 Modulus of Rupture: 25,660 lbf /in2 (177.0 MPa) Crushing Strength: 13,600 lbf /in2 (93.8 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Has a fine to medium texture, with the grain varying from straight to irregular or interlocked. Moderate natural luster. | ||
 | Iroko Average Dried Weight: 41 lbs/ft3 (660 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1,260 lbf (5,610 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,360,000 lbf /in2 (9.38 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.45, 0.66 Modulus of Rupture: 12,700 lbf /in2 (87.6 MPa) Crushing Strength: 7,840 lbf /in2 (54.0 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Iroko has a medium to coarse texture, with open pores and an interlocked grain. | ||
 | Jatoba Average Dried Weight: 57 lbs/ft3 (910 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 2,690 lbf (11,950 N) Elastic Modulus: 2,745,000 lbf /in2 (18.93 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.77, 0.91 Modulus of Rupture: 22,510 lbf /in2 (155.2 MPa) Crushing Strength: 11,780 lbf /in2 (81.2 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is typically interlocked, with a medium to coarse texture. Good natural luster. | ||
 | Kiaat Average Dried Weight: 38 lbs/ft3 (605 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1,360 lbf (6,050 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,267,000 lbf /in2 (8.73 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.59, 0.60 Modulus of Rupture: 14,250 lbf /in2 (98.2 MPa) Crushing Strength: 68,020 lbf /in2 (55.3 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is straight to interlocked. Medium to coarse texture with a low natural luster. | ||
 | Korina Average Dried Weight: 35 lbs/ft3 (555 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 670 lbf (2,990 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,520,000 lbf /in2 (10.49 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.43, 0.56 Modulus of Rupture: 12,510 lbf /in2 (86.2 MPa) Crushing Strength: 6,580 lbf /in2 (45.4 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is straight to slightly interlocked, with a uniformly coarse texture. Moderate natural luster. | ||
 | Koto Average Dried Weight: 37 lbs/ft3 (595 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 940 lbf (4,200 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,752,000 lbf /in2 (12.08 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.51, 0.59 Modulus of Rupture: 15,290 lbf /in2 (105.4 MPa) Crushing Strength: 7,590 lbf /in2 (52.4 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Straight to slightly interlocked. Texture moderately coarse. | ||
 | Limba Average Dried Weight: 35 lbs/ft3 (555 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 670 lbf (2,990 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,520,000 lbf /in2 (10.49 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.43, 0.56 Modulus of Rupture: 12,510 lbf /in2 (86.2 MPa) Crushing Strength: 6,580 lbf /in2 (45.4 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is straight to slightly interlocked, with a uniformly coarse texture. Moderate natural luster. | ||
 | Mahogany African Average Dried Weight: 40 lbs/ft3 (640 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1,070 lbf (4,760 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,537,000 lbf /in2 (10.60 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.52, 0.64 Modulus of Rupture: 13,190 lbf /in2 (91.0 MPa) Crushing Strength: 7,100 lbf /in2 (49.0 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is straight to interlocked, with a medium to coarse texture. Good natural luster with a light-refracting optical phenomenon known as chatoyancy. | ||
 | Makore Average Dried Weight: 43 lbs/ft3 (685 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1,200 lbf (5,350 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,552,000 lbf /in2 (10.71 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.55, 0.69 Modulus of Rupture: 16,330 lbf /in2 (112.6 MPa) Crushing Strength: 8,290 lbf /in2 (57.2 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain generally straight, though interlocked or wavy grain is sometimes present. Fine even texture with good natural luster. | ||
 | Merbau Average Dried Weight: 51 lbs/ft3 (815 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1,840 lbf (7,620 N) Elastic Modulus: 2,310,000 lbf /in2 (15.93 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.68, 0.82 Modulus of Rupture: 21,060 lbf /in2 (145.2 MPa) Crushing Strength: 10,650 lbf /in2 (73.4 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is straight to interlocked. Texture is coarse, with a moderate natural luster. | ||
 | Okoume Average Dried Weight: 27 lbs/ft3 (430 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 400 lbf (1,790 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,228,000 lbf /in2 (8.47 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.35, 0.43 Modulus of Rupture: 10,870 lbf /in2 (75.0 MPa) Crushing Strength: 5,250 lbf /in2 (36.2 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is straight to wavy or slightly interlocked. Texture is medium, with good natural luster. | ||
 | Padauk African Average Dried Weight: 47 lbs/ft3 (745 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1,970 lbf (8,760 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,700,000 lbf /in2 (11.72 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.61, 0.75 Modulus of Rupture: 16,830 lbf /in2 (116.0 MPa) Crushing Strength: 8,130 lbf /in2 (56.0 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is usually straight, but can sometimes be interlocked. With a coarse, open texture and good natural luster. | ||
 | Sapele Average Dried Weight: 42 lbs/ft3 (670 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1,410 lbf (6,280 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,746,000 lbf /in2 (12.04 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.50, 0.67 Modulus of Rupture: 15,930 lbf /in2 (109.9 MPa) Crushing Strength: 8,750 lbf /in2 (60.4 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is interlocked, and sometimes wavy. Fine uniform texture and good natural luster. | ||
 | Sipo Average Dried Weight: 40 lbs/ft3 (635 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1,180 lbf (5,260 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,689,000 lbf /in2 (11.65 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.53, 0.63 Modulus of Rupture: 15,060 lbf /in2 (103.8 MPa) Crushing Strength: 8,280 lbf /in2 (57.1 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is interlocked, with a medium uniform texture. Moderate natural luster. | ||
 | Snakewood Average Dried Weight: 76 lbs/ft3 (1,210 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 3,800 lbf (16,900 N) Elastic Modulus: 3,364,000 lbf /in2 (23.20 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.96, 1.21 Modulus of Rupture: 28,270 lbf /in2 (195.0 MPa) Crushing Strength: 17,260 lbf /in2 (119.0 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is straight, with a fine even texture. High natural luster. | ||
 | Spruce Engelmann Average Dried Weight: 24 lbs/ft3 (385 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 390 lbf (1,740 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,369,000 lbf /in2 (9.44 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.33, 0.39 Modulus of Rupture: 9,010 lbf /in2 (62.2 MPa) Crushing Strength: 4,560 lbf /in2 (31.5 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Engelmann Spruce has a fine, even texture, and a consistently straight grain; numerous small knots are also common. | ||
 | Spruce White Average Dried Weight: 27 lbs/ft3 (425 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 480 lbf (2,140 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,315,000 lbf /in2 (9.07 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.33, 0.43 Modulus of Rupture: 8,640 lbf /in2 (59.6 MPa) Crushing Strength: 4,730 lbf /in2 (32.6 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: White Spruce has a fine, even texture, and a consistently straight grain. | ||
 | Sycamore American Average Dried Weight: 43 lbs/ft3 (545 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 770 lbf (3,430 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,420,000 lbf /in2 (9.79 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.46, 0.55 Modulus of Rupture: 10,000 lbf /in2 (69.0 MPa) Crushing Strength: 5,380 lbf /in2 (37.1 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Sycamore has a fine and even texture that is very similar to maple. The grain is interlocked. | ||
 | Sycamore Maple Average Dried Weight: 38 lbs/ft3 (615 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1,050 lbf (4,680 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,438,000 lbf /in2 (9.92 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.48, 0.62 Modulus of Rupture: 14,220 lbf /in2 (98.1 MPa) Crushing Strength: 7,980 lbf /in2 (55.0 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is generally straight, but may be wavy. Has a fine, even texture. | ||
 | Teak Average Dried Weight: 41 lbs/ft3 (655 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1,070 lbf (4,740 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,781,000 lbf /in2 (12.28 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.55, 0.66 Modulus of Rupture: 14,080 lbf /in2 (97.1 MPa) Crushing Strength: 7,940 lbf /in2 (54.8 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is straight, though it can occasionally be wavy or interlocked. Coarse, uneven texture and moderate to low natural luster. Raw, unfinished wood surfaces have a slightly oily or greasy feel due to natural oils. | ||
 | Tigerwood Average Dried Weight: 57 lbs/ft3 (905 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 2,170 lbf (9,640 N) Elastic Modulus: 2,401,000 lbf /in2 (16.56 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.80, 0.91 Modulus of Rupture: 16,970 lbf /in2 (117.0 MPa) Crushing Strength: 10,770 lbf /in2 (74.2 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain can be straight, but is usually wavy or interlocked. Fine, uniform texture with good natural luster. | ||
 | Tineo Average Dried Weight: 44 lbs/ft3 (710 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1,030 lbf (4,570 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,568,000 lbf /in2 (10.81 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.55, 0.71 Modulus of Rupture: 13,050 lbf /in2 (90.0 MPa) Crushing Strength: 6,400 lbf /in2 (44.1 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is straight, with a uniform medium texture and good natural luster. | ||
 | Walnut English Average Dried Weight: 40 lbs/ft3 (640 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1,220 lbf (5,410 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,568,000 lbf /in2 (10.81 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.52, 0.64 Modulus of Rupture: 16,160 lbf /in2 (111.5 MPa) Crushing Strength: 7,280 lbf /in2 (50.2 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Has a medium texture and mid-sized pores which may require filling for a smooth finish. The grain is usually straight, but can be irregular. European Walnut can occasionally also be found with figured grain patterns such as: curly, crotch, and burl. | ||
 | Wenge Average Dried Weight: 54 lbs/ft3 (870 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1,930 lbf (8,600 N) Elastic Modulus: 2,550,000 lbf /in2 (17.59 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.72, 0.87 Modulus of Rupture: 21,990 lbf /in2 (151.7 MPa) Crushing Strength: 11,710 lbf /in2 (80.7 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is straight, with a very coarse texture. Low natural luster. | ||
 | Zebrano Average Dried Weight: 50 lbs/ft3 (805 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1,830 lbf (8,160 N) Elastic Modulus: 2,374,000 lbf /in2 (16.37 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.67, 0.81 Modulus of Rupture: 17,800 lbf /in2 (122.8 MPa) Crushing Strength: 9,210 lbf /in2 (63.5 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Has a fairly coarse texture and open pores. Grain is usually wavy or interlocked. | ||
 | Ziricote Average Dried Weight: 50 lbs/ft3 (805 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1,970 lbf (8,780 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,585,000 lbf /in2 (10.93 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.67, 0.81 Modulus of Rupture: 16,400 lbf /in2 (113.1 MPa) Crushing Strength: 9,270 lbf /in2 (63.9 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is straight to slightly interlocked. Medium to fine texture, with good natural luster. | ||
 | Spalted Tamarind Average Dried Weight: 53 lbs/ft3 (850 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 2,690 lbf (11,970 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,918,000 lbf /in2 (13.22 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.68, 0.85 Modulus of Rupture: 16,090 lbf /in2 (111.0 MPa) Crushing Strength: 8,640 lbf /in2 (59.6 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is wavy and interlocked with a medium uniform texture. | ||
 | Carpathian Elm Burl Average Dried Weight: 54 lbs/ft3 (870 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1,930 lbf (8,600 N) Elastic Modulus: 2,550,000 lbf /in2 (17.59 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.72, 0.87 Modulus of Rupture: 21,990 lbf /in2 (151.7 MPa) Crushing Strength: 11,710 lbf /in2 (80.7 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is interlocked (making it very resistant to splitting). With a somewhat coarse, uneven texture. | ||
 | Karelian Birch Burl Average Dried Weight: 40 lbs/ft3 (640 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1,210 lbf (5,360 N) Elastic Modulus: 2,024,000 lbf /in2 (13.96 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.50, 0.64 Modulus of Rupture: 16,570 lbf /in2 (114.3 MPa) Crushing Strength: 8,170 lbf /in2 (56.3 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is generally straight or slightly wavy, with a fine, even texture. Low natural luster. | ||
 | Tamo Ash Average Dried Weight: 35 lbs/ft3 (560 kg/m3) Janka Hardness: 1,010 lbf (4,490 N) Elastic Modulus: 1,195,000 lbf /in2 (8.24 GPa) | Specific Gravity (Basic, 12% MC): 0.50, 0.56 Modulus of Rupture: 10,810 lbf /in2 (74.6 MPa) Crushing Strength: 5,970 lbf /in2 (41.2 MPa) |
| Grain / Texture: Grain is generally straight, though portions with wild/figured grain are commonly sold. With a coarse uneven texture. | ||